Publications of C. Becker-Asano

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AuthorTitleYearJournal/ProceedingsReftypeDOI/URL
Rupp, F., Puddu, A., Becker-Asano, C. and Eckert, K. It might be balanced, but is it actually good? An Empirical Evaluation of Game Level Balancing 2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Rupp2024,
  author = {Florian Rupp and Alessandro Puddu and Christian Becker-Asano and Kai Eckert},
  title = {It might be balanced, but is it actually good? An Empirical Evaluation of Game Level Balancing},
  booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)},
  year = {2024},
  note = {accepted}
}
Kuch, J.M., Nasir, J., Mertes, S., Schlagowski, R., Becker-Asano, C. and Andr´e, ́E. Evaluating Gender Ambiguity and Anthropomorphism in Humming and Talking Voices for Robots 2024 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Kuch2024a,
  author = {Johanna Magdalena Kuch and Jauwairia Nasir and Silvan Mertes and Ruben Schlagowski and Christian Becker-Asano and ́Elisabeth Andr´e},
  title = {Evaluating Gender Ambiguity and Anthropomorphism in Humming and Talking Voices for Robots},
  booktitle = {33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication},
  year = {2024},
  note = {accepted}
}
Heisler, M. and Becker-Asano, C. "What's that?": Spontaneous encounters with an android robot in a public museum 2024 26th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Heisler2024,
  author = {Marcel Heisler and Christian Becker-Asano},
  title = {"What's that?": Spontaneous encounters with an android robot in a public museum},
  booktitle = {26th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction},
  year = {2024},
  note = {submitted}
}
Heisler, M. and Becker-Asano, C. Learning to Control an Android Robot Head for Facial Animation 2024 Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction  inproceedings DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{heisler_learning_2024,
  author = {Heisler, Marcel and Becker-Asano, Christian},
  title = {Learning to Control an Android Robot Head for Facial Animation},
  booktitle = {Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640674},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640674}
}
Becker-Asano, C. Verkörperte KI in Form androider Roboter 2024 KI in der Unternehmenspraxis, pp. 129-149  incollection  
BibTeX:
@incollection{BeckerAsano2024,
  author = {Christian Becker-Asano},
  title = {Verkörperte KI in Form androider Roboter},
  booktitle = {KI in der Unternehmenspraxis},
  publisher = {Haufe},
  year = {2024},
  pages = {129--149}
}
Kuch, J.M., Melchior, F. and Becker-Asano, C. Effects of gender neutralization on the anthropomorphism of natural and synthetic voices 2023 2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), pp. 2080-2085  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{kuch2023effects,
  author = {Kuch, Johanna Magdalena and Melchior, Frank and Becker-Asano, Christian},
  title = {Effects of gender neutralization on the anthropomorphism of natural and synthetic voices},
  booktitle = {2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)},
  year = {2023},
  pages = {2080--2085}
}
Köhler, M., Zeller, E., Becker-Asano, C.W. and Jauch, C. Effect of sensor-based assistance systems on users in manual assembly tasks 2023 Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Learning Factories (CLF 2023)  inproceedings DOI  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{kohler2023effect,
  author = {Köhler, Martina and Zeller, Elisa and Becker-Asano, Christian Werner and Jauch, Christian},
  title = {Effect of sensor-based assistance systems on users in manual assembly tasks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Learning Factories (CLF 2023)},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4457089}
}
Kassner, A. and Becker-Asano, C. Comparing an android head with its digital twin regarding the dynamic expression of emotions 2023 2023 11th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW), pp. 1-7  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{kassner2023comparing,
  author = {Kassner, Amelie and Becker-Asano, Christian},
  title = {Comparing an android head with its digital twin regarding the dynamic expression of emotions},
  booktitle = {2023 11th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW)},
  year = {2023},
  pages = {1--7}
}
Heisler, M., Kopp, S. and Becker-Asano, C. Making an android robot head talk 2023 2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), pp. 1837-1842  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{heisler2023making,
  author = {Heisler, Marcel and Kopp, Stefan and Becker-Asano, Christian},
  title = {Making an android robot head talk},
  booktitle = {2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)},
  year = {2023},
  pages = {1837--1842}
}
Heisler, M. and Becker-Asano, C. An Android Robot Head as Embodied Conversational Agent 2023 Proc. Intl. Symposium on Robotics (ISR Europe)  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{heisler2023android,
  author = {Heisler, Marcel and Becker-Asano, Christian},
  title = {An Android Robot Head as Embodied Conversational Agent},
  booktitle = {Proc. Intl. Symposium on Robotics (ISR Europe)},
  year = {2023}
}
Kleine-Wechelmann, S., Bastiaanse, K., Freundel, M. and Becker-Asano, C. Designing the mobile robot Kevin for a life science laboratory 2022 Proc. of the 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, pp. 870-875  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{kleine-wechelmann+et+al.2022,
  author = {Kleine-Wechelmann, Sarah and Bastiaanse, Kim and Freundel, Matthias and Becker-Asano, Christian},
  title = {Designing the mobile robot Kevin for a life science laboratory},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication},
  year = {2022},
  pages = {870-875}
}
de Melo, C., Petters, D., Parthemore, J., Moffatt, D. and Becker-Asano, C. Introduction to the Special Issue On Computational Modelling of Emotion 2021 IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
Vol. 12(2), pp. 277-278 
article DOI  
BibTeX:
@article{9443046,
  author = {de Melo, Celso and Petters, Dean and Parthemore, Joel and Moffatt, David and Becker-Asano, Christian},
  title = {Introduction to the Special Issue On Computational Modelling of Emotion},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing},
  year = {2021},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {277-278},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2021.3073214}
}
Schweizer, T., Renner, F., Sun, D., Becker-Asano, C. and Tuschen-Caffier, B. Cognitive Processing and Regulation Modulates Analogue Trauma Symptoms in a Virtual Reality Paradigm 2019 Cognitive Therapy and Research
Vol. 43(199) 
article DOI  
BibTeX:
@article{Schweitzer.2019,
  author = {Schweizer T. and Renner F. and Sun D. and Becker-Asano C. and Tuschen-Caffier B.},
  title = {Cognitive Processing and Regulation Modulates Analogue Trauma Symptoms in a Virtual Reality Paradigm},
  journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research},
  year = {2019},
  volume = {43},
  number = {199},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9967-9}
}
von der Pütten, A.M., Krämer, N.C., Becker-Asano, C., Ogawa, K., Nishio, S. and Ishiguro, H. At the Café---Exploration and Analysis of People's Nonverbal Behavior Toward an Android 2018 Geminoid Studies: Science and Technologies for Humanlike Teleoperated Androids, pp. 375-397  article DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@article{vonderPuetten2018,
  author = {von der Pütten, Astrid M. and Krämer, Nicole C. and Becker-Asano, Christian and Ogawa, Kohei and Nishio, Shuichi and Ishiguro, Hiroshi},
  title = {At the Café---Exploration and Analysis of People's Nonverbal Behavior Toward an Android},
  journal = {Geminoid Studies: Science and Technologies for Humanlike Teleoperated Androids},
  publisher = {Springer Singapore},
  year = {2018},
  pages = {375--397},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8702-8_24},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8702-8_24}
}
Schweizer, T., Schmitz, J., Plempe, L., Sun, D., Becker-Asano, C., Leonhart, R. and Tuschen-Caffier, B. The impact of pre-existing anxiety on affective and cognitive processing of a Virtual Reality analogue trauma 2017 PLOS ONE
Vol. 12(12) 
article DOI  
BibTeX:
@article{Schweizer+et+al.2017,
  author = {Tina Schweizer and Julian Schmitz and Laura Plempe and Dali Sun and Christian Becker-Asano and Rainer Leonhart and Brunna Tuschen-Caffier},
  title = {The impact of pre-existing anxiety on affective and cognitive processing of a Virtual Reality analogue trauma},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {12},
  number = {12},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190360}
}
Pham, T.X.N., Hayashi, K., Becker-Asano, C., Lacher, S. and Mizuuchi, I. Evaluating the Usability and Users' Acceptance of a Kitchen Assistant Robot in Household Environment 2017 Proc. of the 26th Intl. Symp. on Robot and Human Inteactive Communication, pp. 987-992  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Pham+et+al.2017,
  author = {Pham, Thi Xuan Ngan and Hayashi, Kotaro and Becker-Asano, Christian and Lacher, Sebastian and Mizuuchi, Ikuo},
  title = {Evaluating the Usability and Users' Acceptance of a Kitchen Assistant Robot in Household Environment},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 26th Intl. Symp. on Robot and Human Inteactive Communication},
  year = {2017},
  pages = {987-992}
}
Ragni, M. and Becker-Asano, C. The Pleasure will be Always on Our Side 2015 KI - Künstliche Intelligenz
Vol. 29(3), pp. 299-302 
article DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@article{Ragni2015,
  author = {Ragni, Marco and Becker-Asano, Christian},
  title = {The Pleasure will be Always on Our Side},
  journal = {KI - Künstliche Intelligenz},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--302},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-015-0385-9},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-015-0385-9}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Riesterer, N., Hué, J. and Nebel, B. Embodiment, emotion, and chess: A system description 2015 Procs. of the 4th Intl. Symp. on New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction (AISB2015)  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano+et+al.2015,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Riesterer, N. and Hué, J. and Nebel, B.},
  title = {Embodiment, emotion, and chess: A system description},
  booktitle = {Procs. of the 4th Intl. Symp. on New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction (AISB2015)},
  year = {2015}
}
Rosenthal-von der Pütten, A.M., Krämer, N.C., Becker-Asano, C., Ogawa, K., Nishio, S. and Ishiguro, H. The uncanny in the wild. Analysis of unscripted human-android interaction in the field 2014 Intl. Journal of Social Robotics
Vol. 6(1), pp. 67-83 
article DOI  
BibTeX:
@article{puetten+et+al.2013,
  author = {Rosenthal-von der Pütten, A. M. and Krämer, N. C. and Becker-Asano, C. and Ogawa, K. and Nishio, S. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {The uncanny in the wild. Analysis of unscripted human-android interaction in the field},
  journal = {Intl. Journal of Social Robotics},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67-83},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0198-7}
}
Riesterer, N., Becker Asano, C., Hué, J., Dornhege, C. and Nebel, B. The hybrid Agent MARCO 2014 Proc. of the 16th Intl. Conf. on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 80-81  inproceedings DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Riesterer:2014:HAM:2663204.2669629,
  author = {Riesterer, Nicolas and Becker Asano, Christian and Hué, Julien and Dornhege, Christian and Nebel, Bernhard},
  title = {The hybrid Agent MARCO},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 16th Intl. Conf. on Multimodal Interaction},
  publisher = {ACM},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {80--81},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2663204.2669629},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2663204.2669629}
}
Leymann, S., Hölscher, C., Becker-Asano, C. and von Stülpnagel, R. Der Einfluss einer Speed-Accuracy Manipulation auf schildergeleitetes Navigationsverhalten in einer virtuellen Umgebung 2014 Abstracts of the 56th Conference of Experimental Psychologists, pp. 162-162  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{leymann+et+al.2014,
  author = {Leymann, S. and Hölscher, C. and Becker-Asano, C. and von Stülpnagel, R.},
  title = {Der Einfluss einer Speed-Accuracy Manipulation auf schildergeleitetes Navigationsverhalten in einer virtuellen Umgebung},
  booktitle = {Abstracts of the 56th Conference of Experimental Psychologists},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {162-162}
}
Hartmann, K., Böck, R., Becker-Asano, C., Gratch, J., Schuller, B. and Scherer, K.R. ERM4HCI 2013: The 1st workshop on emotion representation and modelling in human-computer-interaction-systems 2014 Proc. of the 15th Intl. Conf. on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 607-608  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hartmann2013erm4hci,
  author = {Hartmann, Kim and Böck, Ronald and Becker-Asano, Christian and Gratch, Jonathan and Schuller, Björn and Scherer, Klaus R.},
  title = {ERM4HCI 2013: The 1st workshop on emotion representation and modelling in human-computer-interaction-systems},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 15th Intl. Conf. on Multimodal Interaction},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {607--608}
}
Damm, O., Becker-Asano, C., Lohse, M., Hegel, F. and Wrede, B. Applications for Emotional Robots 2014 Procs of the 2014 ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Human-robot Interaction, pp. 495-496  inproceedings DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{damm+et+al.2014,
  author = {Damm, Oliver and Becker-Asano, Christian and Lohse, Manja and Hegel, Frank and Wrede, Britta},
  title = {Applications for Emotional Robots},
  booktitle = {Procs of the 2014 ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Human-robot Interaction},
  publisher = {ACM},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {495--496},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559636.2560021},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2559636.2560021}
}
Burkhardt, F., Becker-Asano, C., Begoli, E., Cowie, R., Fobe, G., Gebhard, P., Kazemzadeh, A., Steiner, I. and Llewellyn, T. Application of EmotionML 2014 5th Intl. Workshop on Emotion, Social Signals, Sentiment & Linked Open Data (ES3LOD), pp. 1-5  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{burkhardt+et+al.2014,
  author = {Felix Burkhardt and Christian Becker-Asano and Edmon Begoli and Roddy Cowie and Gerhard Fobe and Patrick Gebhard and Abe Kazemzadeh and Ingmar Steiner and Tim Llewellyn},
  title = {Application of EmotionML},
  booktitle = {5th Intl. Workshop on Emotion, Social Signals, Sentiment & Linked Open Data (ES3LOD)},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {1--5},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/BurkhardtEtAl_2014.pdf}
}
Burkhardt, F., Becker-Asano, C., Begoli, E., Cowie, R., Fobe, G., Gebhard, P., Kazemzadeh, A. and Steiner, I. Application of EmotionML 2014 Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2014, pp. 201-208  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{burkhardt+et+al.2014b,
  author = {Felix Burkhardt and Christian Becker-Asano and Edmon Begoli and Roddy Cowie and Gerhard Fobe and Patrick Gebhard and Abe Kazemzadeh and Ingmar Steiner},
  title = {Application of EmotionML},
  booktitle = {Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2014},
  publisher = {TUDpress},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {201-208}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Ruzzoli, F., Hölscher, C. and Nebel, B. A Multi-Agent System based on Unity 4 for virtual perception and wayfinding 2014 Transportation Research Procedia
Vol. 2(0), pp. 452 - 455 
article URL 
BibTeX:
@article{becker-asano+et+al.PED2014,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Ruzzoli, F. and Hölscher, C. and Nebel, B.},
  title = {A Multi-Agent System based on Unity 4 for virtual perception and wayfinding},
  journal = {Transportation Research Procedia},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {2},
  number = {0},
  pages = {452 - 455},
  note = {The Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2014 (PED 2014), 22-24 October 2014, Delft, The Netherlands},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/Becker-Asano_et_al_PED2014.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Meneses, E., Riesterer, N., Hué, J., Dornhege, C. and Nebel, B. The hybrid agent MARCO: A Multimodal Autonomous Robotic Chess Opponent 2014 Proc. of the 2nd Intl. Conf. on Human-Agent Interaction  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano+et+al.ICMI2014,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Meneses, E. and Riesterer, N. and Hué, J. and Dornhege, C. and Nebel, B.},
  title = {The hybrid agent MARCO: A Multimodal Autonomous Robotic Chess Opponent},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 2nd Intl. Conf. on Human-Agent Interaction},
  year = {2014}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Gustorff, S., Arras, K.O. and Nebel, B. On the Effect of Operator Modality on Social and Spatial Presence during Teleoperation of a Human-Like Robot 2014 Procs. of the 3rd Intl. Symp. on New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction (AISB2014)  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano+et+al.AISB.2014,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Gustorff, S. and Arras, K. O. and Nebel, B.},
  title = {On the Effect of Operator Modality on Social and Spatial Presence during Teleoperation of a Human-Like Robot},
  booktitle = {Procs. of the 3rd Intl. Symp. on New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction (AISB2014)},
  year = {2014}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Arras, K.O. and Nebel, B. Robotic Tele-presence with DARYL in the Wild 2014 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Human-agent Interaction, pp. 91-95  inproceedings DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano+et+al.HAI2014,
  author = {Becker-Asano, Christian and Arras, Kai Oliver and Nebel, Bernhard},
  title = {Robotic Tele-presence with DARYL in the Wild},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Human-agent Interaction},
  publisher = {ACM},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {91--95},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2658861.2658890},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2658861.2658890}
}
Becker-Asano, C. WASABI for affect simulation in human-computer interaction 2014 Proc. on Emotion Representations and Modelling for HCI Systems  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano.2014,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C.},
  title = {WASABI for affect simulation in human-computer interaction},
  booktitle = {Proc. on Emotion Representations and Modelling for HCI Systems},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2014}
}
Krämer, N., Kopp, S., Becker-Asano, C. and Sommer, N. Smile and the world will smile with you---The effects of a virtual agent's smile on users' evaluation and behavior 2013 Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Vol. 71(3), pp. 335-349 
article DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@article{kreamer+et+al.2013,
  author = {N. Krämer and S. Kopp and C. Becker-Asano and N. Sommer},
  title = {Smile and the world will smile with you---The effects of a virtual agent's smile on users' evaluation and behavior},
  journal = {Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Studies},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {335-349},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581912001693},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.09.006}
}
Kiryazov, K., Lowe, R., Becker-Asano, C. and Randazzo, M. The Role of Arousal in Two-Resource Problem Tasks for Humanoid Service Robots 2013 Proc. IEEE Intl. Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN'13), pp. 62-69  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{kiryazov+et+al.2013,
  author = {Kiryazov, K. and Lowe, R. and Becker-Asano, C. and Randazzo, M.},
  title = {The Role of Arousal in Two-Resource Problem Tasks for Humanoid Service Robots},
  booktitle = {Proc. IEEE Intl. Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN'13)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {62-69}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Sun, D., Scheel, C.N., Tuschen-Caffier, B. and Nebel, B. Analyzing for emotional arousal in HMD-based head movements during a virtual emergency 2013 Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing in conj. with KI2013, pp. 34-43  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano+et+al.2013c,
  author = {C. Becker-Asano and D. Sun and C. N. Scheel and B. Tuschen-Caffier and B. Nebel},
  title = {Analyzing for emotional arousal in HMD-based head movements during a virtual emergency},
  booktitle = {Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing in conj. with KI2013},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {34-43}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Stahl, P., Ragni, M., Martin, J.-C., Courgeon, M. and Nebel, B. An affective virtual agent providing embodied feedback in the paired associate task: system design and evaluation 2013 Proc. of the 13th. Intl. Conf. on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2013), pp. 406-415  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano+et+al.2013b,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Stahl, P. and Ragni, M. and Martin, J.-C. and Courgeon, M. and Nebel, B.},
  title = {An affective virtual agent providing embodied feedback in the paired associate task: system design and evaluation},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 13th. Intl. Conf. on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2013)},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {406-415}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Gustorff, S., Arras, K.O., Ogawa, K., Nishio, S., Ishiguro, H. and Nebel, B. Robot Embodiment, Operator Modality, and Social Interaction in Tele-Existence: A Project Outline 2013 Proc. of Intl. Conf. on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI2013), pp. 79-80  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+et+al.2013,
  author = {C. Becker-Asano and S. Gustorff and Kai O. Arras and K. Ogawa and S. Nishio and H. Ishiguro and B. Nebel},
  title = {Robot Embodiment, Operator Modality, and Social Interaction in Tele-Existence: A Project Outline},
  booktitle = {Proc. of Intl. Conf. on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI2013)},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {79-80}
}
Scheel, C.N., Kleim, B., Schmitz, J., Becker-Asano, C., Sun, D., Nebel, B. and Tuschen-Caffier, B. Psychophysiologische Belastungsreaktivität nach einem simulierten Feuer in einer Parkgarage 2012 Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Vol. 41(3), pp. 180-189 
article DOI  
Abstract: Background: Usually, different behaviors for coping with emergencies
are assessed in retrospective and are difficult to compare due to
numerous differences in emergency situations. Virtual Reality (VR)
scenarios allow the assessment of behavior and psychophysiological
parameters during the stressful event, and permit standardized repetitions
of one incident. Objective: The aim of our study was the development
of a new VR emergency scenario (fire in an underground parking lot)
and to test whether it induces psychological and physiological stress
reactions. Methods: During the experiment the emotional and psychophysiological
experiences were measured several times. Results: The VR scenario
caused subjective as well as physiological changes that are typical
for stress reactions. Conclusions: Therefore the scenario seems to
be useful to simulate coping behavior in emergencies. Limitations
of the VR concerning clinical implications are discussed.
BibTeX:
@article{scheel_psychophysiologische_2012,
  author = {Scheel, C. N. and Kleim, B. and Schmitz, J. and Becker-Asano, C. and Sun, D. and Nebel, B. and Tuschen-Caffier, B.},
  title = {Psychophysiologische Belastungsreaktivität nach einem simulierten Feuer in einer Parkgarage},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {41},
  number = {3},
  pages = {180--189},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000154}
}
von der Pütten, A.M., Becker-Asano, C., Ogawa, K., Nishio, S. and Ishiguro, H. Exploration and Analysis of People's Nonverbal Behavior Towards an Android 2012 Proc. of the Annual meeting of the International Communication Association  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{puetten+et+al.2012,
  author = {von der Pütten, A. M. and Becker-Asano, C. and Ogawa, K. and Nishio, S. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Exploration and Analysis of People's Nonverbal Behavior Towards an Android},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the Annual meeting of the International Communication Association},
  year = {2012}
}
Kleim, B., Ehring, T., Scheel, C.N., Becker-Asano, C., Nebel, B. and Tuschen-Caffier, B. Bewältigungsverhalten in Notfallsituationen aus klinisch-psychologischer Perspektive 2012 Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Vol. 41(3), pp. 166-179 
article DOI  
Abstract: The present report provides a review of human responses to emergency
situations or potentially traumatic events (PTE). The identification
of specific reactions to PTEs that turn out to be adaptive in later
psychological or biological reactions is crucial for prevention and
intervention efforts. First, we will review common reactions to trauma
and psychopathological responses, including a brief review of prevalence
rates and predictors of psychopathology following PTEs with focus
on posttraumatic stress disorder (one of the main anxiety disorders
following trauma--see Becker-Nehring, Witschen & Bengel for a review
of other mental disorders in this issue). Secondly, we will discuss
the findings related to peritraumatic and posttraumatic reactions,
i.e., reactions that take place either during or after the PTE. Some
of these processes can be examined and potentially manipulated in
the laboratory, for instance with methods of virtual reality, which
is also part of this report. A good understanding of the relationship
between key peritraumatic and posttraumatic reactions and later psychopathology
is of vital importance for the development and implementation of
prevention and intervention strategies, which will be discussed at
the end of the report.
BibTeX:
@article{kleim+et+al.2012,
  author = {B. Kleim and T. Ehring and C. N. Scheel and C. Becker-Asano and B. Nebel and B. Tuschen-Caffier},
  title = {Bewältigungsverhalten in Notfallsituationen aus klinisch-psychologischer Perspektive},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {41},
  number = {3},
  pages = {166-179},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000155}
}
Embgen, S., Luber, M., Becker-Asano, C., Ragni, M., Evers, V. and Arras, K.O. Robot-Specific Social Cues in Emotional Body Language 2012 Proc. IEEE Intl. Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN'12), pp. 1019 -1025  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{embgenROMAN12,
  author = {S. Embgen and M. Luber and C. Becker-Asano and M. Ragni and V. Evers and Kai O. Arras},
  title = {Robot-Specific Social Cues in Emotional Body Language},
  booktitle = {Proc. IEEE Intl. Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN'12)},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1019 -1025},
  url = {http://srl.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/publicationsdir/embgenROMAN12.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Arras, K., Nebel, B. and Ishiguro, H. The Effect of Anthropomorphism on Social Tele-Embodiment 2012 IROS 2012 Workshop on Human-Agent Interaction  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+et+al.2012,
  author = {C. Becker-Asano and K.O. Arras and B. Nebel and H. Ishiguro},
  title = {The Effect of Anthropomorphism on Social Tele-Embodiment},
  booktitle = {IROS 2012 Workshop on Human-Agent Interaction},
  year = {2012},
  url = {http://srl.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/publicationsdir/beckerasanoIROSWS12.pdf}
}
Tuschen-Caffier, B., Kleim, B., Becker-Asano, C., Sun, D., Nebel, B. and Scheel, C. Bewältigungsverhalten in virtuellen Notfallsituationen 2011 7. Workshop Kongress für Psychologie und Psychotherapie  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+et+al.2011d,
  author = {Tuschen-Caffier, B. and Kleim, B. and Becker-Asano, C. and Sun, D. and Nebel, B. and Scheel, C.},
  title = {Bewältigungsverhalten in virtuellen Notfallsituationen},
  booktitle = {7. Workshop Kongress für Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  year = {2011},
  note = {poster}
}
von der Pütten, A.M., Krämer, N.C., Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H. An Android in the Field 2011 ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 283-284  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Puetten+et+al.2011,
  author = {von der Pütten, A. M. and Krämer, N. C. and Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {An Android in the Field},
  booktitle = {ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Human-Robot Interaction},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {283-284},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/AnAndroidInTheField.pdf}
}
von der Pütten, A.M., Krämer, N.C., Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H. An Android in the field. How people react towards Geminoid HI-1 in a real world scenario 2011 Proc. of the 7th Conf. of the Media Psychology Division of the German Psychological Society  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{puetten+et+al.2011b,
  author = {von der Pütten, A. M. and Krämer, N. C. and Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {An Android in the field. How people react towards Geminoid HI-1 in a real world scenario},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 7th Conf. of the Media Psychology Division of the German Psychological Society},
  year = {2011}
}
Kiryazov, K., Lowe, R., Becker-Asano, C., Montebelli, A. and Ziemke, T. From the Virtual to the Robotic: Bringing Emoting and Appraising Agents into Reality 2011 Procedia Computer Science
Vol. 7(0), pp. 241 - 243 
article DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@article{Kiryazov2011241,
  author = {Kiryazov, K. and Lowe, R. and Becker-Asano, C. and Montebelli, A. and Ziemke, T.},
  title = {From the Virtual to the Robotic: Bringing Emoting and Appraising Agents into Reality},
  journal = {Procedia Computer Science},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {7},
  number = {0},
  pages = {241 - 243},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050911006429},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2011.09.082}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Sun, D., Kleim, B., Scheel, C.N., Tuschen-Caffier, B. and Nebel, B. CoVE: Coping in Virtual Emergencies 2011 Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing, pp. 1  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+et+al.2011c,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Sun, D. and Kleim, B. and Scheel,C. N. and Tuschen-Caffier, B. and Nebel, B.},
  title = {CoVE: Coping in Virtual Emergencies},
  booktitle = {Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {1},
  note = {demo abstract},
  url = {https://www.becker-asano.de/CoVE_KI2011_DemoAbstract.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Sun, D., Kleim, B., Scheel, C.N., Tuschen-Caffier, B. and Nebel, B. Outline of an Empirical Study on the Effects of Emotions on Strategic Behavior in Virtual Emergencies 2011 Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, pp. 508-517  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+et+al.2011b,
  author = {C. Becker-Asano and D. Sun and B. Kleim and C. N. Scheel and B. Tuschen-Caffier and B. Nebel},
  title = {Outline of an Empirical Study on the Effects of Emotions on Strategic Behavior in Virtual Emergencies},
  booktitle = {Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {508--517},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/OutlineACII2009.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Kanda, T., Ishi, C. and Ishiguro, H. Studying laughter combined with two humanoid robots 2011 AI & Society
Vol. 26(3), pp. 291-300 
article DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@article{Becker-Asano+et+al.2011e,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Kanda, T. and Ishi, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Studying laughter combined with two humanoid robots},
  journal = {AI & Society},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {291-300},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/Becker-Asano_et_al-AISoc-prepress.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-010-0306-2}
}
Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H. Evaluating facial displays of emotion for the android robot Geminoid F 2011 IEEE SSCI Workshop on Affective Computational Intelligence, pp. 22-29  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+Ishiguro.2011,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Evaluating facial displays of emotion for the android robot Geminoid F},
  booktitle = {IEEE SSCI Workshop on Affective Computational Intelligence},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {22-29},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/Becker-Asano_Ishiguro_WACI2011.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H. Intercultural differences in decoding facial expressions of the android robot Geminoid F 2011 Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research
Vol. 1(3), pp. 215-231 
article URL 
BibTeX:
@article{becker2011intercultural,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Intercultural differences in decoding facial expressions of the android robot Geminoid F},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {215-231},
  url = {https://www.becker-asano.de/2011_InterculturalDifferencesInDecodingFacialExpressionsOfTheAndroidRobotGeminoidF.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H. Inter-cultural differences in the evaluation of an android's facial display of emotions 2011 Bi-annual meeting of the International Society for Research on Emotion (ISRE)  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+Ishigur.2011b,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Inter-cultural differences in the evaluation of an android's facial display of emotions},
  booktitle = {Bi-annual meeting of the International Society for Research on Emotion (ISRE)},
  year = {2011},
  note = {poster}
}
Becker-Asano, C. Affective Computing combined with Android Science 2011 KI - Künstliche Intelligenz
Vol. 25, pp. 245-250 
article DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@article{springerlink:10.1007/s13218-011-0116-9,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C.},
  title = {Affective Computing combined with Android Science},
  journal = {KI - Künstliche Intelligenz},
  publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {245-250},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/AffectiveComputingCombinedWithAndroidScience_KI2011_printVersion.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-011-0116-9}
}
Becker-Asano, C. Invited Commentary: On Guiding the Design of an Ill-defined Phenomenon 2011 Intl. Journal of Synthetic Emotions
Vol. 2(2), pp. 66-67 
article DOI URL 
BibTeX:
@article{becker-asano.2011,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C.},
  title = {Invited Commentary: On Guiding the Design of an Ill-defined Phenomenon},
  journal = {Intl. Journal of Synthetic Emotions},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {66-67},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/Hudlicka_commentary.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.4018/jse.2011070104}
}
Cooney, M.D., Becker-Asano, C., Kanda, T., Alissandrakis, A. and Ishiguro, H. Full-body Gesture Recognition Using Inertial Sensors for Playful Interaction with Small Humanoid Robot 2010 Intl. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 2276-2282  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Cooney+et+al.2010,
  author = {Cooney, M. D. and Becker-Asano, C. and Kanda, T. and Alissandrakis, A. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Full-body Gesture Recognition Using Inertial Sensors for Playful Interaction with Small Humanoid Robot},
  booktitle = {Intl. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {2276-2282}
}
Becker-Asano, C. and Wachsmuth, I. Affective computing with primary and secondary emotions in a virtual human 2010 Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Vol. 20(1), pp. 32-49 
article DOI URL 
Abstract: We introduce the WASABI ([W]ASABI [A]ffect [S]imulation for [A]gents
with [B]elievable [I]nteractivity) Affect Simulation Architecture,
in which a virtual human�s cognitive reasoning capabilities are combined
with simulated embodiment to achieve the simulation of primary and
secondary emotions. In modeling primary emotions we follow the idea
of �Core Affect� in combination with a continuous progression of
bodily feeling in three-dimensional emotion space (PAD space), that
is subsequently categorized into discrete emotions. In humans, primary
emotions are understood as onto-genetically earlier emotions, which
directly influence facial expressions. Secondary emotions, in contrast,
afford the ability to reason about current events in the light of
experiences and expectations. By technically representing aspects
of each secondary emotion�s connotative meaning in PAD space, we
not only assure their mood-congruent elicitation, but also combine
them with facial expressions, that are concurrently driven by primary
emotions. Results of an empirical study suggest that human players
in a card game scenario judge our virtual human MAX significantly
older when secondary emotions are simulated in addition to primary
ones.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker-Asano+Wachsmuth.2010,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Affective computing with primary and secondary emotions in a virtual human},
  journal = {Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {32-49},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/AffectiveComputingWithPrimaryAndSecondaryEmotionsInAVirtualHuman.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-009-9094-9}
}
Becker-Asano, C. and Wachsmuth, I. WASABI as a case study of how misattribution of emotion can be modelled computationally 2010 A Blueprint for Affective Computing: a Sourcebook and Manual, pp. 179-193  incollection URL 
Abstract: Cognitive scientists, psychologists, neuro-biologists, and computer
scientists achieved significant progress in understanding and modelling
the fuzzy concept �emotion� and more general �affect�. Accordingly,
a variety of computational realizations, discussed by Marsella, Gratch,
and Petta in Chapter X of this volume, stem from a number of different
psychological theories and philosophical conceptions. As correctly
classified in Chapter X the computational realization we propose,
labelled WASABI ([W]ASABI [A]ffect [S]imulation for [A]gents with
[B]elievable [I]nteractivity), performs a mapping of appraisal outcome
into a three dimensional space of pleasure, arousal, and dominance
or PAD space in short, and it thereby �breaks the link� between the
internal representation of affect and its external domain object.
Accordingly, we will present and discuss here, how the phenomenon
of post-hoc misattribution, i.e., a mismatch between an emotion�s
objective and its subjective cause, can be modelled and explained
by the WASABI architecture.

The central idea of this architecture is to combine two dimensions,
namely emotional valence and valence of mood, such that their mutual
influence generates a continuously changing, self-rebalancing internal
state, which can be interpreted as constituting a very basic, non-relational,
short-term memory of affect. Whenever some external or internal event
(the latter, for example, resulting from cognitive reasoning processes)
is appraised as having an emotional effect, this effect is translated
into an impulse of emotional valence, which then disturbs the internal
emotion dynamics. At the same time internal cognitive reasoning further
analyzes the event to determine, if it is a candidate for elicitation
of an emotion. In the current state of the architecture this reasoning
is limited to the generation and checking of expectations within
the context of a well-defined interaction scenario serving as proof
of concept. The emotions are represented in PAD space such that a
particular emotion can only be elicited (or in more philosophical
terms �become aware to the agent�) if the agent�s current internal
feeling state represented in PAD space allows for it.

Although this architecture is already considerably complex, we admit
that this is only our first attempt to grapple with the complex dynamic
interplay of cognitive and bodily processes from which emotions are
assumed to arise. Accordingly, we hope that the WASABI architecture,
on the one hand, provides fruitful impulses to the interdisciplinary
endeavour of understanding human emotionality, and, on the other
hand, can serve as one example of a blueprint for how to increase
a conversational agent�s affective competency.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Becker-Asano+Wachsmuth.2009b,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {WASABI as a case study of how misattribution of emotion can be modelled computationally},
  booktitle = {A Blueprint for Affective Computing: a Sourcebook and Manual},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {179-193},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/Becker-Asano_WASABI_Blueprint_draft.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Nishio, S., Ogawa, K. and Ishiguro, H. Exploring the Uncanny Valley with Geminoid HI-1 in a real-world application 2010 IADIS Intl. Conf. on Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction, pp. 121-128  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+et+al.2010b,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Nishio, S. and Ogawa, K. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Exploring the Uncanny Valley with Geminoid HI-1 in a real-world application},
  booktitle = {IADIS Intl. Conf. on Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {121-128},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/IHCI2010_Becker-Asano_et_al.pdf}
}
Hudlicka, E., Payr, S., Ventura, R., Becker-Asano, C., Fischer, K., Leite, I., Paiva, A. and von Scheve, C. Social interaction with robots and agents: Where do we stand, Where do we go? 2009 Affective Compting and Intelligent Interaction, pp. 698-703  inproceedings URL 
Abstract: Robots and agents are becoming increasingly prominent in everyday
life, taking on a variety of roles, including helpers, coaches, and
even social companions. A core requirement for these social agents
is the ability to establish and maintain long-term trusting and engaging
relationship with their human users. Much research has already been
done on the prerequisites for these types of social agents and robots,
in affective computing, social computing and affective HCI. A number
of disciplines within psychology and the social sciences are also
relevant, contributing theories, data and methods relevant for the
emerging areas of social robotics, and social computing in general.
However, the complexity of the task of designing these social agents,
and the diversity of the relevant disciplines, can be overwhelming.
This paper presents a summary of a special session at ACII 2009 whose
purpose was to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in social
agents and robots, and to explore some of the fundamental questions
regarding their development, and the evaluation of their effectiveness.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hudlicka+et+al.2009,
  author = {Hudlicka, E. and Payr, S. and Ventura, R. and Becker-Asano, C. and Fischer, K. and Leite, I. and Paiva, A. and von Scheve,C.},
  title = {Social interaction with robots and agents: Where do we stand, Where do we go?},
  booktitle = {Affective Compting and Intelligent Interaction},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {698-703},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/ACII2009PanelContrib.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Kanda, T., Ishi, C. and Ishiguro, H. How about laughter? Perceived naturalness of two laughing humanoid robots 2009 Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, pp. 49-54  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+et+al.2009b,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Kanda, T. and Ishi, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {How about laughter? Perceived naturalness of two laughing humanoid robots},
  booktitle = {Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {49-54},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/HowAboutLaughter_ACII2009.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Kanda, T., Ishi, C. and Ishiguro, H. Humanoid robots laughing in response to a joke: Results of a video-based online survey 2009 Interdisciplinary Workshop on Laughter and other Interactional Vocalisations in Speech  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker-Asano+et+al.2009,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Kanda, T. and Ishi, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Humanoid robots laughing in response to a joke: Results of a video-based online survey},
  booktitle = {Interdisciplinary Workshop on Laughter and other Interactional Vocalisations in Speech},
  year = {2009},
  url = {http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/conf/laughter-09/files/Becker-Asano_et_al.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H. Laughter in Social Robotics -- no laughing matter 2009 Intl. Workshop on Social Intelligence Design (SID2009), pp. 287-300  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano+ishiguro.2009,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Ishiguro, H.},
  title = {Laughter in Social Robotics -- no laughing matter},
  booktitle = {Intl. Workshop on Social Intelligence Design (SID2009)},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {287-300},
  url = {SID09_LaughterInSocialRoboticsCameraReady.pdf}
}
Tolksdorf, J., Becker-Asano, C. and Kopp, S. Do You Know How I Feel? Evaluating Emotional Display of Primary and Secondary Emotions 2008 Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 08), pp. 548-549  inproceedings DOI URL 
Abstract: In this paper we report on an empirical study on how well different
facial expressions of primary and secondary emotions [2] can be recognized
from the face of our emotional virtual human Max [1]. Primary emotions
like happiness are more primitive, onto-genetically earlier types
of emotions, which are expressed by direct mapping on basic emotion
display; secondary emotions like relief or gloating are considered
cognitively more elaborated emotions and require a more subtle rendition.
In order to validate the design of our virtual agent, which entails
devising facial expressions for both kinds of emotion, we tried to
find answers to the questions: How well can emotions be read from
a virtual agent�s face by human observers? Are there differences
in the recognizability between more primitve primary and more cognitively
elaborated secondary emotions?
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Tolksdorf+et+al.2008,
  author = {Tolksdorf, J. and C. Becker-Asano and Kopp, S.},
  title = {Do You Know How I Feel? Evaluating Emotional Display of Primary and Secondary Emotions},
  booktitle = {Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 08)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {548-549},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/IVA08_DoYouKnowHowIFeel.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_83}
}
Sommer, N., Krämer, N., Kopp, S. and Becker, C. Keep smiling! An embodied agent's impact on user's evaluation and smiling behaviour 2008 29th Intl. Congress of Psychology  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Sommer+et+al.2008,
  author = {Sommer, N. and Krämer, N.C. and Kopp, S. and Becker, C.},
  title = {Keep smiling! An embodied agent's impact on user's evaluation and smiling behaviour},
  booktitle = {29th Intl. Congress of Psychology},
  year = {2008}
}
Hofstaetter, A., Grammer, K., Hasse, K., Becker-Asano, C. and Wachsmuth, I. How Emma learned to smile and frown. The implementation of the facial action coding system in an avatar 2008 XIX Biennial Conf. of the Intl. Society for Human Ethology, pp. 137-138  inproceedings  
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Hofstaetter+et+al.2008,
  author = {Hofstaetter, A. and Grammer, K. and Hasse, K. and C. Becker-Asano and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {How Emma learned to smile and frown. The implementation of the facial action coding system in an avatar},
  booktitle = {XIX Biennial Conf. of the Intl. Society for Human Ethology},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {137-138}
}
Becker-Asano, C. and Wachsmuth, I. Affect Simulation with Primary and Secondary Emotions 2008 Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 08), pp. 15-28  inproceedings DOI URL 
Abstract: In this paper the WASABI1 Affect Simulation Architecture is introduced,
in which a virtual human�s cognitive reasoning capabilities are combined
with simulated embodiment to achieve the simulation of primary and
secondary emotions. In modeling primary emotions we follow the idea
of �Core Affect� in combination with a continuous progression of
bodily feeling in three-dimensional emotion space (PAD space), that
is only subsequently categorized into discrete emotions. In humans,
primary emotions are understood as onto-genetically earlier emotions,
which directly influence facial expressions. Secondary emotions,
in contrast, afford the ability to reason about current events in
the light of experiences and expectations. By technically representing
aspects of their connotative meaning in PAD space, we not only assure
their mood-congruent elicitation, but also combine them with facial
expressions, that are concurrently driven by the primary emotions.
An empirical study showed that human players in the Skip-Bo scenario
judge our virtual human MAX significantly older when secondary emotions
are simulated in addition to primary ones.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{becker-asano+wachsmuth.2008,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Affect Simulation with Primary and Secondary Emotions},
  booktitle = {Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 08)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {15-28},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/IVA08_Becker-Asano_Wachsmuth.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_2}
}
Becker-Asano, C., Kopp, S., Pfeiffer-Leßmann, N. and Wachsmuth, I. Virtual Humans Growing up: From Primary Toward Secondary Emotions 2008 KI - Künstliche Intelligenz
Vol. 1, pp. 23-27 
article URL 
Abstract: In order to understand and model the role of emotion in cognitive
processes we attempt to integrate theoretical approaches originating
from different disciplines in an implemented cognitive architecture
for embodied agents. Our virtual humanoid agent Max employs this
architecture to generate believable human-like behaviors in a variety
of situational contexts. In this article, we describe how we go about
endowing Max�s architecture with increasingly elaborated kinds of
emotions � from primary emotions like happiness and fear, toward
secondary emotions like hope and relief.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker+et+al.2008,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C. and Kopp, S. and Pfeiffer-Leßmann, N. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Virtual Humans Growing up: From Primary Toward Secondary Emotions},
  journal = {KI - Künstliche Intelligenz},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {23-27},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/KIFachbeitrag_BeckerKoppLessmannWachsmuth_Manuscript.pdf}
}
Becker-Asano, C. WASABI: Affect Simulation for Agents with Believable Interactivity 2008 School: Faculty of Technology, University of Bielefeld  phdthesis URL 
Abstract: This publication presents the WASABI architecture (WASABI Affect Simulation
for Agents with Believable Interactivity), a computational architecture
for an emotionally believable agent that is based on established
constructs and empirical evidence from the affective sciences. In
contrast to most other approaches to modeling emotions, the idea
of an emotion dynamics in three-dimensional affect space is central
to the WASABI architecture, which naturally sustains mood congruency
of emotions. Furthermore, the distinction between primary, onto-genetically
earlier types of emotions and secondary, cognitively elaborated emotions
is followed, both influencing the agent's bodily emotion dynamics.
As a result, this architecture is not only more believable for interactants
with an agent but also for theorists from other disciplines concerned
about emotion. (click here
for more information.)
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Becker-Asano.2008,
  author = {Becker-Asano, C.},
  title = {WASABI: Affect Simulation for Agents with Believable Interactivity},
  school = {Faculty of Technology, University of Bielefeld},
  year = {2008},
  note = {IOS Press (DISKI 319)},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/Becker-Asano_WASABI_Thesis.pdf}
}
Duval, S., Becker, C. and Hashizume, H. Privacy Issues for the Disclosure of Emotions to Remote Acquaintances without Simultaneous Communication 2007 12th Intl. Conf. on Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 82-91  inproceedings DOI URL 
Abstract: We discuss the privacy issues related to the design of systems that
disclose information about emotions to remote acquaintances, without
simultaneous communication: users do not chat, see or hear each other.
We consider the acquisition of information, storage, processing,
multi-modal rendering, and interactions. We illustrate our points
with the system we designed for affective bonding and support with
family and friends. Our most significant contribution is the provision
of a first overview of the whole process for everyday life uses.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Duval+et+al.2007,
  author = {Duval, S. and Becker, C. and Hashizume, H.},
  title = {Privacy Issues for the Disclosure of Emotions to Remote Acquaintances without Simultaneous Communication},
  booktitle = {12th Intl. Conf. on Human-Computer Interaction},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {82-91},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/2007-07-22_hcii_privacy-emotions-no-comm.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73279-2_10}
}
Boukricha, H., Becker, C. and Wachsmuth, I. Simulating Empathy for the Virtual Human Max 2007 2nd Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing, pp. 22-27  inproceedings URL 
Abstract: Addressing user�s emotions in human-computer interaction significantly
enhances the believability and lifelikeness of virtual humans. Emotion
recognition and interpretation is realized in our approach by integrating
empathy as a designated process within the agent�s cognitive architecture.
In this paper we describe this empathy process which comprises of
two interconnected components: a belief-desire-intention (BDI) based
cognitive component and an affective component based on the emotion
simulation system of the virtual human Max. The application and a
preliminary evaluation of this empathy system are reported on in
the context of a 3D competitive card game scenario.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Boukricha+et+al.2007,
  author = {Boukricha, H. and Becker, C. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Simulating Empathy for the Virtual Human Max},
  booktitle = {2nd Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {22-27},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/boukricha_becker_wachsmuth_ki2007.pdf}
}
Becker, C., Kopp, S. and Wachsmuth, I. Why emotions should be integrated into conversational agents 2007 Conversational Informatics: An Engineering Approach, pp. 49-68  incollection URL 
Abstract: When building conversational agents that are to take part in social
interaction with humans, an important question is whether psychological
concepts like emotions or personality of the agents need to be incorporated.
In this chapter we argue for the integration of an emotion system
into a conversational agent to enable the simulation of having "own
emotions". We first clarify the concept of emotions and we discuss
different approaches to modeling emotions and personality in artificial
systems. Drawing on our work on the multimodal conversational agent
Max, we present motives for the integration of emotions as integral
parts of an agent's cognitive architecture. Our approach combines
different psychological emotion theories and distinguishes between
primary and secondary emotions as originating from different levels
of this architecture. Exemplary application scenarios are described
to show how the agent's believability can be increased by the integration
of emotions. In a cooperative setting, Max is employed as a virtual
interactive guide in a public computer museum, where his emotion
module enhances his acceptance as a coequal conversational partner.
We further quote an empirical study that yields evidence that the
same emotion module supports the believability and lifelikeness of
the agent in a competitive gaming scenario.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Becker.2007,
  author = {Becker, C. and Kopp, S. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Why emotions should be integrated into conversational agents},
  booktitle = {Conversational Informatics: An Engineering Approach},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {49-68},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/WhyEmotionsShouldBeIntegrated.pdf}
}
Prendinger, H., Becker, C. and Ishizuka, M. A study in users' physiological response to an empathic interface agent 2006 Intl. Journal of Humanoid Robotics
Vol. 3(3), pp. 371-391 
article DOI URL 
Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for evaluating the impact of animated
interface agents with affective and empathic behavior. While previous
studies relied on questionnaires in order to assess the user's overall
experience with the interface agent, we will analyze users' physiological
response (skin conductance and electromyography), which allows us
to estimate affect-related user experiences on a moment-by-moment
basis without interfering with the primary interaction task. As an
interaction scenario, a card game has been implemented where the
user plays against a virtual opponent. The findings of our study
indicate that within a competitive gaming scenario, (i) the absence
of the agent's display of negative emotions is conceived as arousing
or stress-inducing, and (ii) the valence of users' emotional response
is congruent with the valence of the emotion expressed by the agent.
Our results for skin conductance could also be reproduced by assuming
a local rather than a global baseline.
BibTeX:
@article{prendinger+others.2006,
  author = {Prendinger, H. and Becker, C. and Ishizuka, M.},
  title = {A study in users' physiological response to an empathic interface agent},
  journal = {Intl. Journal of Humanoid Robotics},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {371-391},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/IJHR-06PrendingerBeckerIshizuka.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219843606000801}
}
Kopp, S., Becker, C. and Wachsmuth, I. The Virtual Human Max - Modeling Embodied Conversation 2006 KI 2006 - Demo Presentation, Extended Abstracts, pp. 21-24  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Kopp+et+al.2006,
  author = {Kopp, S. and Becker, C. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {The Virtual Human Max - Modeling Embodied Conversation},
  booktitle = {KI 2006 - Demo Presentation, Extended Abstracts},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {21-24},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/KI06-ExtendedAbstract.pdf}
}
Becker, C. and Wachsmuth, I. Modeling primary and secondary emotions for a believable communication agent 2006 Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing, pp. 31-34  inproceedings URL 
Abstract: The integration of emotion and cognition in cognitive architectures
for embodied agents is a problem of increasing importance. In this
paper, we describe how two separate modules for these tasks, as we
employ them in our virtual human Max, can give rise to secondary
emotions such as frustration and relief. The BDI-based cognitive
module is responsible for appraisal as well as reappraisal of elicited
emotions that our conversational agent Max becomes aware of. The
emotion dynamics simulation system is driven by the valence information
of every emotion and assures a general consistency of the simulated
emotions over time by dynamically providing an awareness likelihood
for every emotion.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker+Wachsmuth.2006a,
  author = {Becker, C. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Modeling primary and secondary emotions for a believable communication agent},
  booktitle = {Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {31-34},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/becker_wachsmuth_ki2006.pdf}
}
Becker, C. and Wachsmuth, I. Playing the Cards Game SkipBo against an Emotional Max 2006 Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing, pp. 65  inproceedings URL 
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker+Wachsmuth.2006b,
  author = {Becker, C. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Playing the Cards Game SkipBo against an Emotional Max},
  booktitle = {Intl. Workshop on Emotion and Computing},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {65},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/becker_wachsmuth_demo.pdf}
}
Becker, C., Leßmann, N., Kopp, S. and Wachsmuth, I. Connecting feelings and thoughts - modeling the interaction of emotion and cognition in embodied agents 2006 7th Intl. Conf. on Cognitive Modeling (ICCM-06), pp. 32-37  inproceedings URL 
Abstract: The integration of emotion and cognition in cognitive architectures
for embodied agents is a problem of in- creasing importance. In this
paper, we describe how two separate modules for these tasks, as we
employ them in our virtual human Max, can influence each other in
such an architecture. In the first direction, from cognition to emotion,
we present domain-specific as well as more general appraisal mechanisms,
as employed in three different interaction scenarios. For domain-independent
appraisal the belief-desire-intention model is exploited to derive
emotional impulses during the decision process. In the opposite direction,
we discuss how emotions can influence cognition either as self-beliefs
or as modulators to the decision-making process itself. For the latter,
extensions to the BDI-interpreter are proposed.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker+others.2006a,
  author = {Becker, C. and Leßmann, N. and Kopp, S. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Connecting feelings and thoughts - modeling the interaction of emotion and cognition in embodied agents},
  booktitle = {7th Intl. Conf. on Cognitive Modeling (ICCM-06)},
  publisher = {Edizioni Goliardiche},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {32-37},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/ICCM06_ChristianBecker.pdf}
}
Becker, C., Prendinger, H., Ishizuka, M. and Wachsmuth, I. Empathy for Max (Preliminary project report) 2005 Intl. Conf. on Active Media Technology (AMT-05), pp. 541-545  inproceedings URL 
Abstract: This paper first describes two independently conducted research strands
on affective human-computer interaction: one on an emotion simulation
system for an expressive 3D humanoid agent called Max, which was
designed at the University of Bielefeld [8, 2]; the other one on
a real-time system for empathic (agent) feedback that is based on
human emotional states derived from physiological information, and
developed at the University of Tokyo and the National Institute of
Informatics [15]. Then, the integration of both systems is suggested
for the purpose of realizing a highly believable agent with empathic
qualities.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker+others.2005a,
  author = {Becker, C. and Prendinger, H. and Ishizuka, M. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Empathy for Max (Preliminary project report)},
  booktitle = {Intl. Conf. on Active Media Technology (AMT-05)},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {541-545},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/becker-helmut-amt05.pdf}
}
Becker, C., Prendinger, H., Ishizuka, M. and Wachsmuth, I. Evaluating Affective Feedback of the 3D Agent Max in a Competitive Cards Game 2005 Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, pp. 466-473  inproceedings DOI URL 
Abstract: Within the field of Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs), the simulation
of emotions has been suggested as a means to enhance the believability
of ECAs and also to effectively contribute to the goal of more intuitive
human-computer interfaces. Although various emotion models have been
proposed, results demonstrating the appropriateness of displaying
particular emotions within ECA applications are scarce or even inconsistent.
Worse, questionnaire methods often seem insufficient to evaluate
the impact of emotions expressed by ECAs on users. Therefore we propose
to analyze non-conscious physiological feedback (bio- signals) of
users within a clearly arranged dynamic interaction scenario where
various emotional reactions are likely to be evoked. In addition
to its diagnostic purpose, physiological user information is also
analyzed online to trigger empathic reactions of the ECA during game
play, thus increasing the level of social engagement. To evaluate
the appropriateness of different types of affective and empathic
feedback, we implemented a cards game called Skip-Bo, where the user
plays against an expressive 3D humanoid agent called Max, which was
designed at the University of Bielefeld [6] and is based on the emotion
simulation system of [2]. Work performed at the University of Tokyo
and NII provided a real-time system for empathic (agent) feedback
that allows one to derive user emotions from skin conductance and
electromyography [13]. The find- ings of our study indicate that
within a competitive gaming scenario, the absence of negative agent
emotions is conceived as stress-inducing and irritating, and that
the integration of empathic feedback supports the acceptance of Max
as a co-equal humanoid opponent.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker+others.2005b,
  author = {Becker, C. and Prendinger, H. and Ishizuka, M. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Evaluating Affective Feedback of the 3D Agent Max in a Competitive Cards Game},
  booktitle = {Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {466--473},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/210.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/11573548_60}
}
Becker, C., Nakasone, A., Prendinger, H., Ishizuka, M. and Wachsmuth, I. Physiologically interactive gaming with the 3D agent Max 2005 Intl. Workshop on Conversational Informatics, pp. 37-42  inproceedings URL 
Abstract: Physiologically interactive (or affective) gaming refers to research
on the evocation and detection of emotion during game play [21].
In this paper, we first describe the two building blocks of our approach
to affective gaming. The building blocks correspond to two independently
conducted research strands on affective human-computer interaction:
one on an emotion simulation system for an expressive 3D humanoid
agent called Max, which was designed at the University of Bielefeld
[13, 2]; the other one on a real-time system for empathic (agent)
feedback that is based on human emotional states derived from physiological
information, and developed at the University of Tokyo and the National
Institute of Informatics [19]. Then, the integration of both systems
is motivated in the setting of a cards game called Skip-Bo that is
played by a human game partner and Max. Physiological user information
is used to enable empathic feedback through non-verbal behaviors
of the humanoid agent Max. With regard to the new area of Conversational
Informatics we discuss the measurement of human physiological activity
in game interactions and non-verbal agent behavior.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker+others.2005c,
  author = {Becker, C. and Nakasone, A. and Prendinger, H. and Ishizuka, M. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Physiologically interactive gaming with the 3D agent Max},
  booktitle = {Intl. Workshop on Conversational Informatics},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {37-42},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/PhysiologicallyInteractiveGamingMax.pdf}
}
Becker, C., Kopp, S. and Wachsmuth, I. Simulating the emotion dynamics of a multimodal conversational agent 2004 Workshop on Affective Dialogue Systems, pp. 154-165  inproceedings DOI URL 
Abstract: We describe an implemented system for the simulation and visualisation
of the emotional state of a multimodal conversational agent called
Max. The focus of the presented work lies on modeling a coherent
course of emotions over time. The basic idea of the underlying emotion
system is the linkage of two interrelated psychological concepts:
an emotion axis--representing short-time system states--and an orthogonal
mood axis that stands for an undirected, longer lasting system state.
A third axis was added to realize a dimension of boredom. To enhance
the believability and lifelikeness of Max, the emotion system has
been integrated in the agent's architecture. In result, Max's facial
expression, gesture, speech, and secondary behaviors as well as his
cognitive functions are modulated by the emotional system that, in
turn, is affected by information arising at various levels within
the agent's architecture.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Becker+others.2004,
  author = {Becker, C. and Kopp, S. and Wachsmuth, I.},
  title = {Simulating the emotion dynamics of a multimodal conversational agent},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Affective Dialogue Systems},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {154--165},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/ADS04_Springer_LNCS_SimulatingEmotionDynamicsMax.pdf},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/b98229}
}
Becker, C. Simulation der Emotionsdynamik eines künstlichen humanoiden Agenten 2003 School: University of Bielefeld  mastersthesis URL 
BibTeX:
@mastersthesis{Becker.2003,
  author = {Becker, C.},
  title = {Simulation der Emotionsdynamik eines künstlichen humanoiden Agenten},
  school = {University of Bielefeld},
  year = {2003},
  url = {http://www.becker-asano.de/DA_Komplett.pdf}
}